Abstract Social responsibility is a widely analyzed topic, both in the field of business, as well as in the academic field. In this regard, several South American organizations periodically develop sustainability balances using different methodologies. However, it is necessary that these reports be published and be available on the web for information from the connected groups and the community in general. Therefore, this article reviews the sustainability reports published in the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) by different organizations in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Descriptive, comparative, and explanatory analysis is applied, and documentary review is used to support the importance of the publication of social responsibility reports. The sectors of each country with the highest percentage of publications are determined and correlations, between the number of sustainability reports and the Gross Domestic Product of each country, are established. It is identified that the countries with the highest number of organizations that report in GRI are Peru, Brazil, Colombia and Argentina and the countries with the highest number of published reports are Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Argentina, and Chile.

Resumen La responsabilidad social es un tema ampliamente analizado, tanto en el ámbito de la empresa como también en el campo académico. En esta línea, varias organizaciones sudamericanas desarrollan periódicamente balances de sostenibilidad utilizando diferentes metodologías. Sin embargo, es necesario que esos reportes sean publicados y estén disponibles en la web para información de los grupos vinculados y de la comunidad en general. Por tanto, en este artículo se realiza una revisión de los reportes de sostenibilidad publicados en Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) por diferentes organizaciones de Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela. Se aplica el análisis descriptivo, comparativo y explicativo, y se usa la revisión documental para sustentar la importancia que tiene la publicación de informes de responsabilidad social. Se determinan los sectores de cada país que mayor porcentaje de publicaciones realizan y se establecen correlaciones entre el número de reportes de sostenibilidad y el Producto Interno Bruto de cada país. Se identifica que los países con mayor número de organizaciones que reportan en GRI son Perú, Brasil, Colombia y Argentina, y los países con mayor número de reportes publicados son Brasil, Colombia, Perú, Argentina y Chile.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The enzyme lactoperoxidase thiocyanate is produced by epithelial cells of the salivary glands and performs defensive functions against pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity, therefore, identifying its presence by qualitative methods could be useful when investigating the causes of recurrent oral infections such as periodontitis, gingivitis and dental caries, in which a relationship with low levels of this enzyme has been reported in different studies. Objective: To demonstrate the usefulness of the pyrogallol salicylate method in the identification of the salivary enzyme lactoperoxidase thiocyanate. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional pilot study was carried out at the Center of Immunology and Biological Products of Camagüey, from June to October 2020, using the pyrogallol salicylate method to identify the lactoperoxidase thiocyanate enzyme in human saliva. Fourteen saliva samples were analyzed by observation and spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 405 nm. Descriptive statistical methods were applied to process data. Results: The enzyme lactoperoxidase thiocyanate was found in all the salivary samples studied. The absorbance of the samples ranged between 0,406 and 0,939. Conclusions: The pyrogallol salicylate method is useful in identifying the salivary lactoperoxidase enzyme, which may be favorable in the study of oral infections.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enzima lactoperoxidasa tiocianato se produce por células epiteliales de las glándulas salivales y desempeña funciones defensivas contra microorganismos patógenos de la cavidad oral, por tanto, identificar su presencia por métodos cualitativos podría ser de utilidad para investigar una de las causas de infecciones orales recurrentes como la periodontitis, gingivitis y caries dental, donde se ha reportado una relación con los niveles bajos de esta enzima en diferentes estudios. Objetivo: Demostrar la utilidad del método pirogalol salicilato en la identificación de la enzima lactoperoxidasa tiocianato salival. Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio piloto, descriptivo, observacional y transversal, en el Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos de la provincia Camagüey, en el período de junio a octubre de 2020 mediante el empleo del método del pirogalol salicilato para identificar la presencia de la enzima lactoperoxidasa tiocianato en saliva humana. Se utilizaron 14 muestras de saliva que se analizaron después de la transformación enzimática del sustrato a 405 nm. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La enzima lactoperoxidasa tiocianato se encontró en todas las muestras salivales estudiadas. La absorbancia de las muestras se halló entre 0,406 y 0,939 unidades. Conclusiones: El método del pirogalol salicilato resulta útil en la identificación de la enzima lactoperoxidasa tiocianato salival lo cual puede ser favorable en el estudio de infecciones bucales.

Abstract The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to verify the association between salivary flow rates (SFR) and the histopathologic aspects of labial salivary glands (LSG) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients presenting rheumatologic diseases referred for oral evaluation were included in the study if they had RA and had SFR measured and LSG biopsy performed. Patients were excluded if they had systemic conditions that affect SFR or if they were being treated for hyposalivation. Cases without enough material for histopathologic analysis were also excluded. Data were collected through questionnaires, oral examination, resting and stimulated SFR, and LSG biopsies. A histopathologic reevaluation was carried out in order to seek for additional histopathologic aspects. Fifty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 53.5 years (25–77), and 94.1% were women. The median resting and stimulated SFRs were 0.24 mL/min and 1.02 mL/min, respectively. The presence of lymphocytic focus and fibrosis were significantly associated with stimulated SFR, but not with resting SFR. The odds ratio of patients who had hyposalivation for presenting a positive lymphocytic focus was 7.33 (confidence interval CI: 1.53–35.23) by the stimulated technique, and 2.56 (CI: 0.57–11.40) in resting SFR. In the medical records, 14 (31.80%) patients had been diagnosed with secondary Sjögren’s syndrome. In conclusion, stimulated SFR represent a good screening test to predict lymphocytic focus in LSG in patients with RA, which represents the most specific test to diagnose Sjögren’s syndrome.

Resumo Este estudo pretende explorar o papel da imagem corporal positiva (ICP) na qualidade de vida (QdV) de pessoas com insuficiência renal crónica (IRC). A recolha de dados foi efetuada através de instrumentos de autorrelato que permitiram a contemplação das variáveis sociodemográficas, de algumas dimensões da ICP e da QdV, num grupo clínico (n = 46; M = 59,8 anos) e num grupo não clínico (n = 49; M = 55,1 anos) de participantes. Percebeu-se que as várias dimensões da ICP se associam com os diferentes domínios da QdV em ambos os grupos. As mulheres revelaram níveis superiores nas dimensões da aceitação do corpo pelos outros e no autocuidado, comparativamente aos homens. Por último, destaca-se o papel da apreciação da funcionalidade corporal como um importante preditor da QdV. Salienta-se a relevância de se intervir na ICP pelo impacto positivo que pode ter na QdV desta população.

Abstract This study aims to explore the role of positive body image (PBI) in the quality of life (QoL) of people with chronic renal failure (CRF). Data collection was performed using self-report instruments that allowed sociodemographic variables, some dimensions of PBI and QoL, in a clinical group (n = 46; M = 59.8 years) and in a non-clinical group (n = 49; M = 55.1 years) of participants. It was founded a positive association between PBI dimensions and the different domains of QoL in both groups. Women showed higher levels in the dimensions of body acceptance by others and self-care, compared to men. Finally, the results underlined the role of body functionality appreciation has as an important predictor of QoL. The importance of intervening in PCI is highlighted due to the positive impact it can have on the QoL of this population.

Abstract: The present study describes the barriers faced by the face-to-face university student due to the migration to virtual mode. The universe of study is the population of the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua, from which a discretionary sample of 692 students was selected, to whom a self-administered survey was applied through the Google Formats platform during the month July 2020. The results indicate that the students were not prepared for the virtual modality (69.5%) and suffered from stress for fear of reducing their academic performance (83%), manifesting an absence of feedback from the teaching staff (70%) among other findings.

Resumen: En el presente estudio se describen las barreras que enfrentó el estudiante universitario presencial con motivo de la migración a modalidad virtual. El universo de estudio es la población de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, de donde se seleccionó una muestra discrecional de 692 alumnos, a quienes se aplicó una encuesta auto administrada mediante la plataforma Formatos de Google durante el mes de Julio del 2020. Los resultados indican que los alumnos no se encontraban preparados para la modalidad virtual (69.5%) y sufrieron de estrés por temor a reducir su desempeño académico (83%), manifestando ausencia de retroalimentación del personal docente (70%), entre otros hallazgos.

ABSTRACT: Self-medication is part f self-care and is considered as a primary public health resource in the health care system. Objective: To determine the prevalence and consumption patterns that influence the automation of the students of the Universidad del Magdalena. Methods The study corresponds to a descriptive cross-sectional and quantitative approach investigation; the sample was determined by conglomerates, made up of 312 active students enrolled in undergraduate studies at the Universidad del Magdalena the city of the Santa Marta. Results: The practice of self-medication was reflected in 97%; the reasons for which the students self-medicate are related to the appearance of symptoms stories, such as pain and flu-like symptoms, which are treated from the consumption at analgesic, anti-inflammatory drugs with prevalence of 84,26%.The main reason for self-medication is related to the mildness of the symptoms; the council of relatives in 46,87% reflects their source of information; there is influence by advertising especially television and internet; finally 71% are aware of the consequences of self -medication. Conclusions The practice of self-medication in the University population is high; influencing factors are related to the appearance of symptoms the advice of relatives, the influence of advertising the mildness of symptoms and lack of the time to visit the doctor.

RESUMEN: La automedicación forma parte del autocuidado y es considerada como un recurso de salud pública primaria en el sistema de atención de la salud. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y patrones de consumo que influyen en la automedicación de los estudiantes de la Universidad del Magdalena Métodos El estudio corresponde a una investigación de carácter descriptivo, de corte transversal, y enfoque cuantitativo; la muestra se determinó por conglomerados, conformada por 312 estudiantes activos matriculados en pregrado de la Universidad del Magdalena de la ciudad de Santa Marta. Resultados La práctica de la automedicación se vio reflejado en un 97%; los motivos por los cuales se automedican los estudiantes tienen relación con la aparición de síntomas tales como el dolor y síntomas gripales, los cuales son tratados a partir del consumo de medicamentos tipo analgésicos, antiinflamatorios, con una prevalencia del 84,26%. El principal motivo para automedicarse se relaciona con la levedad de los sintomas; el consejo de familiares en un 46,87% refleja su fuente de información; existe influencia por la publicidad especialmente televisión e internet; finalmente el 71% tiene conocimiento de las consecuencias que acarrea el automedicarse. Conclusiones: La práctica de la automedicación en la población universitaria es alta; los factores influyentes se relacionan con aparición de sintomas, el consejo de familiares, la influencia de la publicidad, la levedad de los sintomas y la falta de tiempo para visitar al médico.

ABSTRACT Antiresorptive therapy is the main form of prevention of osteoporotic or fragility fractures. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a relatively rare but severe adverse reaction to antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs. Physicians and dentists caring for patients taking these drugs and requiring invasive procedures face a difficult decision because of the potential risk of MRONJ. The aim of this study was to discuss the risk factors for the development of MRONJ and prevention of this complication in patients with osteoporosis taking antiresorptive drugs and requiring invasive dental treatment. For this goal, a task force with representatives from three professional associations was appointed to review the pertinent literature and discuss systemic and local risk factors, prevention of MRONJ in patients with osteoporosis, and management of established MRONJ. Although scarce evidence links the use of antiresorptive agents in the context of osteoporosis to the development of MRONJ, these agents are considered a risk factor for this complication. Despite the rare reports of MRONJ in patients with osteoporosis, the severity of symptoms and impact of MRONJ in the patients' quality of life make it imperative for health care professionals to consider this complication when planning invasive dental procedures.

Abstract A criterion to estimate the application dose of biosolids in agricultural soils is the available nitrogen and the requirement of the crop. The objective of the study was to determine the nitrogen availability of two biosolids generated from different treatment systems and its effect on the oil yield from Ricinus communis L. seed. The treatments consisted of three sources of nitrogen (N) and three doses, in addition to a control without N. The sources of N were: ammonium sulfate (SA), biosolids from oxidation lagoons (BLO) and biosolids from activated sludge (BLA). The SA was considered as a commercial witness. The doses of N were 0, 3.79, 5.65 and 7.52 g pot-1, which correspond to 67%, 100% and 133% of the N requirement of the crop (RNC), respectively. The greenhouse experiment was established under a randomized block experimental design with four replications, where the experimental unit was one plant per pot. Nitrogen availability was estimated using the fertilizer equivalency method (EF). The dry matter (DM) was statistically similar between the treatments, being different from the control (p< 0.05). The DM and N extraction showed a quadratic response as a function of the applied N doses. The availability of N was 40.4 and 34.8% for the BLA and BLO, respectively.

Resumen Un criterio para estimar la dosis de aplicación de biosólidos en suelos agrícolas es el nitrógeno disponible y el requerimiento del cultivo. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la disponibilidad de nitrógeno de dos biosólidos generados a partir de sistemas de tratamiento diferente y su efecto sobre el rendimiento de aceite a partir de semilla de Ricinus communis L. Los tratamientos consistieron en tres fuentes de nitrógeno (N) y tres dosis, además de un testigo sin N. Las fuentes de N fueron: sulfato de amonio (SA), biosólidos de lagunas de oxidación (BLO) y biosólidos de lodos activados (BLA). El SA se consideró como un testigo comercial. Las dosis de N fueron de 0, 3.79, 5.65 y 7.52 g maceta-1, que corresponden a 67%, 100% y 133% del requerimiento de N del cultivo (RNC), respectivamente. Se estableció el experimento en invernadero bajo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones, donde la unidad experimental fue una planta por maceta. La disponibilidad de nitrógeno se estimó mediante el método de equivalencia de fertilizante (EF). La materia seca (MS) fue estadísticamente similar entre los tratamientos, siendo diferentes del testigo (p< 0.05). La MS y la extracción de N mostraron una respuesta cuadrática en función a las dosis de N aplicado. La disponibilidad de N fue de 40.4 y 34.8% para los BLA y BLO, respectivamente.

Abstract The ability of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) to attenuate and control several microorganisms was studied, especially for a disease that affects the health and productiveness of crops. For this purpose, the antifungal capacity of TiO2 nanoparticles obtained from two synthesis procedures was evaluated: the first procedure involved green chemistry using an aqueous extract prepared from African palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) leaves; the second procedure followed the Pechini sol-gel method. The nanoparticles obtained by the green chemistry method and the Pechini sol-gel technique had average sizes of 14.60±0.44 nm and 12.30±0.54 nm as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The antifungal properties of TiO2 NPs were evaluated on the fungus Fusarium solani Mart. isolated on Sabouraud culture medium. A factorial experimental design was implemented with two variables: (1) exposure time ranging from 24, 48, and 72 h; (2) nanoparticle concentration between 100 and 400 mg L−1. All measurements were performed in quintuplicate. The results show that the TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by the Pechini method inhibited the fungus by 96.16±0.85% with a nanoparticle concentration of 400 mg L−1, while the TiO2 nanoparticles obtained from the green chemistry method generated a high inhibitory activity of approximately 98.51±0.02% at the four experimental concentrations.

Resumen La efectividad de nanopartículas de dióxido de Titanio (NPsTiO2) en la atenuación y control de varios microorganismos ha sido material de estudio en especial para control de enfermedades que atentan contra la salud y productividad en cultivos agrícolas. El presente estudió evaluó la propiedad antimicrobial de nanopartículas de dióxido de Titanio (NPsTiO2) obtenidas a partir de dos métodos de síntesis: uno vía química verde, mediante la utilización de extractos naturales de Palma de Aceite Africana (Elaeis guineensis); otro por mecanismo sol-gel, por medio de la metodología Pechini. Por medio de la técnica microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) se determinó tamaños promedio de partícula de 14.60 ± 0.44 nm y 13.16 ± 0.26 nm respectivamente a cada método. Las propiedades antimicrobiales de las NPsTiO2 fueron evaluadas sobre el hongo Fusarium solani, aislado en medio de cultivo Sabouraud, en un diseño experimental multifactorial con dos variables: el tiempo de contacto en un rango de 24, 48,72 h y concentraciones entre 100 a 400 mg L−1 en muestras por quintuplicado. Los resultados evidencian que las concentraciones de 400 mg L−1 de nanopartículas sintetizadas por método Pechini promueven una inhibición de 96.16 ± 0.85 %, mientras que las obtenidas a partir de química verde generaron una gran actividad inhibitoria de 98.51 ± 0.09 % constante a lo largo de las cuatro concentraciones experimentadas.

Resumen Objetivo. Realizar el diagnóstico de la calidad bacteriológica del agua del Humedal Gualí-Tres Esquinas, por medio de indicadores de aguas residuales (coliformes totales, Escherichia coli y Enterococcus spp). Métodos. Se tomaron catorce muestras de agua de diferentes puntos del humedal (7 en la zona Tres Esquinas y 7 en la zona del parque industrial Cofradía). El recuento de microorganismos se realizó por el método de filtración de membrana siguiendo el Standard Methods, los microrganismos fueron identificados mediante BBL Crystal. Resultados. El agua del Humedal Gualí-Tres Esquinas contiene un alto número de E.coli, coliformes totales y Enterococcus spp., lo que confirma la contaminación de origen fecal en todo el ecosistema, los recuentos más altos se encontraron en la zona parque industrial La Cofradía para coliformes totales y Enteroccocus spp. y en la zona de Tres Esquinas para E. coli.

Abstract Objective. To evaluate the bacteriological quality of the water of the wetland Gualí-Tres Esquinas, using residual waters indicators (total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus). Methods. Fourteen water samples were taken from different points of the wetland (7 in the Tres Esquinas zone and 7 in the Cofradía industrial park zone). The count of microorganisms was made by the membrane filtration method following the Standard Methods, the microorganisms were identified by BBL Crystal. Results . The water of the Gualí-Tres Esquinas Wetland contains a high number of E. coli, total coliforms and Enterococcus spp., confirming fecal contamination throughout the ecosystem, the highest counts were found in the La Cofradía industrial park zone for total coliforms and Enteroccocus spp. and in the Tres Esquinas zone for E. coli.

Resumen Objetivo. Determinar características bacteriológicas, físicas y pH del agua para consumo humano que abastece al municipio de Une, Cundinamarca-Colombia. Métodos. Se tomaron 13 muestras de agua: 10 de la zona rural y 3 de la zona urbana. Del total de muestras tomadas en la zona rural, 7 no tenían ningún tratamiento, mientras que 3 tenían algún tipo de tratamiento. Las 3 muestras tomadas en la cabecera municipal, todas tenían tratamiento. Se utilizó la técnica de filtración por membrana para los análisis bacteriológicos, y los métodos nefelométrico, turbidimétrico y potenciométrico, para los análisis físicos y el pH. Resultados. Se obtuvo como resultado pH inferior a 6; 12 puntos superan el valor máximo de turbiedad y 5 puntos para la determinación de color. Se observó la presencia de Coliformes totales, E. coli y Enterococcus en las muestras analizadas, en cantidad que sobrepasa lo establecido en la normativa colombiana.

Abstract Objective. To determine bacteriological and physical characteristics and pH of water for human consumption that supplies the municipality of Une, Cundinamarca-Colombia. Methods. Thirteen water samples were taken: 10 from the rural area and 3 from the urban area. Of the total number of samples taken in the rural area, 7 had no treatment at all, while 3 had some type of treatment. The 3 samples taken in the municipal capital, all had treatment. The membrane filtration technique was used for bacteriological analysis and the nephelometric, turbidimetric and potentiometric methods for physical analysis and pH. Results. The result was pH lower than 6; 12 points exceed the maximum value turbidity and 5 points for the determination of color. The presence of total Coliforms, E. coli and Enterococcus was observed in the analyzed samples, in an amount that surpasses the established in the Colombian regulations.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the oral health status of patients with multiple myeloma and compare to a control group. Materials and methods: The medical history of the studied subjects was obtained from the medical records and through interviews. Trained examiners evaluated the oral mucosa, teeth, periodontium and imaging aspects. The dental status was evaluated by the decayed, missing and filled teeth index. The presence of bone lesions was investigated with cone beam computer tomography images of the jaws. Results: The most common oral mucosa features were paleness (31%) and coated tongue (14.3%) in the multiple myeloma group (N = 42); and coated (21.4%) and fissured tongue (10.7%) in the control group (N = 28). The mean DMFT index of patients with multiple myeloma was high, but not significantly different from controls (14.57 versus 19.69, p = 0.975). Hypodense lesions suggestive of multiple myeloma were observed in the jaws of 73.8% of the patients. Hypodense lesions related to teeth were detected in 33.3% of the patients and in 53.6% of the controls (p = 0.832). Conclusions: The studied population of multiple myeloma patients presented many oral health issues that needed attention. Thus, oral care should be included in the routine treatment to improve the quality of the oral status in these patients.

ABSTRACT Background: the peripheral blood extension or peripheral lamina, as it is also known, is the semi-quantitative morphological evaluation of the three hematopoietic series, in an extension of peripheral blood colored and observed through the microscope. Objective: to develop a methodological procedure for the extension of peripheral blood from an interdisciplinary perspective in the degree in Clinical Bioanalysis. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study in the period from September to November 2018, in the Technological Faculty belonging to the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey. Theoretical methods such as analysis and synthesis and inductive and deductive methods were used. Of the empirical methods, the analysis of documents, the exploratory diagnostic test, results of controls to classes, the interview and survey for the validation of the proposal were applied. Results: insufficiencies regarding the establishment of interdisciplinary relationships between the contents of Histology and the hematological component of the Laboratory Diagnostic subject I, the students showed difficulties in performing the technique and failed to characterize morphologically some of the hematopoietic cells. Conclusions: a methodological procedure was developed for the peripheral lamina technique from an interdisciplinary perspective and the validation of the proposal by means of the consensus method formed by a nominal group where the categories of very adequate and suitable for the development of the peripheral lamina technique result. The observation of extension peripherals is an important element in the orientation of the analysis of the different diseases, an essential component of the integral diagnosis of the clinical laboratory.

RESUMEN Fundamento: el extendido de sangre periférica o lámina periférica, como también se conoce, es la evaluación morfológica semicuantitativa de las tres series hematopoyéticas en una extensión de sangre periférica coloreada y observada a través del microscopio. Objetivo: elaborar un procedimiento metodológico para el extendido de sangre periférica desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar en la licenciatura en Bioanálisis Clínico. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal desde septiembre a noviembre de 2018, en la facultad Tecnológica perteneciente a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. Se emplearon métodos teóricos como el análisis y síntesis, el inductivo y deductivo. De los métodos empíricos, fueron aplicados el análisis de documentos, la prueba diagnóstica exploratoria, resultados de controles a clases, la entrevista y encuesta para la validación de la propuesta. Resultados: insuficiencias en cuanto al establecimiento de las relaciones interdisciplinarias entre los contenidos de Histología y el componente hematológico de la asignatura Diagnóstico de Laboratorio I, los estudiantes mostraron dificultades en la realización de la técnica y no lograron caracterizar morfológicamente algunas de las células hematopoyéticas. Conclusiones: se elaboró un procedimiento metodológico para la técnica lámina periférica desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar y la validación de la propuesta mediante el método de consenso conformado por un grupo nominal, donde resultan las categorías de muy adecuado y adecuado para el desarrollo de la técnica lámina periférica, pues la observación de extendidos periféricos es un elemento importante en la orientación del análisis de las diferentes enfermedades, componente esencial del diagnóstico integral del laboratorio clínico.

ABSTRACT Background: the implementation of a quality management system based on the NC standard: ISO 9001 entails the establishment of metrology as a guarantee of the reliability quality of its measuring equipments. Objective: to demonstrate the importance of metrology assurance for the implementation of a quality management system. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Center of Immunology and Biological Products of the Camagüey University of Medical Sciences, from January 2014 to May 2018. Results: according to the first metrological survey none of the instruments had been verified, there was an underreporting in 2014, in 2017 the number of registered instruments in the university was increased, during the study the verification plan was updated and most of the measuring instruments were verified. It was found that there is a need of a budget allocation for the acquisition of some of the lacking instruments. Conclusions: the diagnosis made as part of the metrology assurance allowed to know the actual situation of the measuring instruments in the Center of Immunology and Biological Products and to verify an important number of them.

RESUMEN Fundamento: la implementación de un sistema de gestión de la calidad basado en la norma NC: ISO 9001 conlleva el establecimiento de la metrología como garantía de calidad de la confiabilidad de sus equipos de medición. Objetivo: demostrar la importancia del aseguramiento metrológico para la implementación de un sistema de gestión de la calidad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, en el período enero de 2014 a mayo de 2018. Resultados: en el primer levantamiento metrológico realizado ninguno de los instrumentos estaba verificado, se realizó un subregistro en el 2014, en el 2017 se incrementó el número de instrumentos registrados en la universidad, durante el estudio se actualizó el plan de verificación y se logró la verificación de la mayoría de los instrumentos de medición que posee el centro. Se constató la necesidad de contar con una asignación en el presupuesto para la adquisición de algunos instrumentos en déficit. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico realizado como parte del aseguramiento metrológico permitió conocer la situación real de los instrumentos de medición en el Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos y lograr la verificación de un número importante de los mismos.

Resumen Introducción: el tabaquismo es un problema global. Un problema tan importante que hizo que la Organización Mundial de la Salud liderara el Convenio Marco Para el Control del Tabaco, del cual son parte la gran mayoría de países del mundo. En ese contexto, Colombia ha realizado varias acciones para reducir la prevalencia del tabaquismo; estas acciones están enmarcadas en el Plan Decenal para el Control del Cáncer 2012-2021. Desarrollo: se analizó la implementación de las acciones planteadas por el Plan Decenal para el Control del Cáncer y su correlación con el Convenio Marco de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, bajo la implementación del Plan de Medidas MPOWER. Conclusiones: Colombia ha implementado varias estrategias para el control del tabaco, enmarcadas en el Plan Decenal para el Control del Cáncer. Entre estas estrategias, se encuentra un sistema de vigilancia del consumo de tabaco, políticas de control, espacios cien por ciento libres de humo de tabaco, el Programa para la Cesación del Consumo de Tabaco y Atención del Tabaquismo, advertencias sanitarias moderadas, campanas de comunicación, prohibición completa de publicidad, promoción y patrocinio, así como un aumento de los impuestos al tabaco. A pesar de estas implementaciones, el reto actual es intervenir aquellas medidas en las que menos se ha trabajado o que han tenido menor resultado para lograr que el control del tabaquismo sea más efectivo; también es necesario hacer frente al uso de cigarrillos electrónicos. Las medidas descritas deberían implementarse sin la interferencia de la industria tabacalera.

Abstract Introduction: Smoking is a global issue that motived the World Health Organization to lead the Framework Convention on Tobacco, adopted by many countries. In that context, Colombia has carried out some actions to reduce smoking prevalence, taking into account the Ten-Year Plan for Cancer Control 20122021. Development: This article analyzes the implementation of the actions proposed by the Ten-Year Plan for Cancer Control 2012-2021 and its correlation with the Framework Convention on Tobacco's MPOWER Package. Conclusion: Colombia has implemented some strategies to control smoking through the Ten-Year Plan for Cancer Control 2012-2021, such as the smoking monitoring system, control policies, smoke-free areas, the National Program for Smoking Cessation, moderate health warnings, communication campaigns, total restriction to any kind of advertisement and promotion, and raising tax of tobacco products. In spite of those achievements, it is necessary to strengthen the weakest strategies to reduce smoking, as well as facing electronic cigarette use. These actions must be carried out without tobacco industry interference.

Resumo Introdução: o tabaquismo é um problema global que orientou à Organização Mundial da Saúde a liderar o Convenção-Quadro para o Controle do Tabaco, do qual são parte a grande maioria de países. Nesse contexto, a Colômbia tem realizado várias ações para reduzir a prevalência do tabaquismo enquadradas no Plano Decenal para o Controle do Cancro 2012-2021. Desenvolvimento: se analisa a implementação das ações apresentadas pelo Plano Decenal para o Controle do Cancro e sua correlação com a Convenção-Quadro sob a implementação do Plano de Medidad MPOWER. Conclusões: a Colômbia tem implementado várias estratégias para o controle do tabaco enquadradas no Plano Decenal para o Controle do Cancro entre as que se encontra o sistema de vigilância de consumo de tabaco, políticas de controle, espaços 100 % livres de fumo de tabaco, o Programa Nacional para a Cessação, advertências sanitárias moderadas, campanhas de comunicação, proibição completa de publicidade, promoção e patrocínio e aumento dos impostos ao tabaco. Apesar do anterior, o desafio é intervir nas medidas com maior retrocesso para conseguir que o controle do tabaquismo seja mais efetivo; também é necessário enfrentar ao uso de cigarros eletrônicos. O anterior, sem interferência da indústria do tabaco.